Lions, Lords, and Automobiles: Animal Entertainment and Travel Technologies in the Late Twentieth Century.

Arcadia, 2015, no. 17 - Arcadia Collection: Histories across Species.

Volltext: ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIETY

Opened in April 1966, the “Lions of Longleat” was the world’s first drive-thru lion reserve outside of Africa. Established by circus showman Jimmy Chipperfield and the Marquis of Bath, the Wiltshire attraction invited visitors to enter the park’s “wild” spaces and to gaze upon the beasts from the comfort and security of their very own automobiles. Fifty animals were initially acquired from animal dealers in Uganda and from zoos throughout the UK and Europe to make up the park’s first group of African lions. Presented as “even better than Africa,” the park was immediately popular with the public (even though the idea provoked significant opposition among those concerned by the prospect of predators in the English rural landscape). In the twelve months following the park’s opening, 188,500 visitor cars entered the estate along with 580 motor coaches. Indeed, massive visitor numbers caused long and winding traffic jams that clogged up nearby villages as visitors flocked for a close encounter with the African wilds.

flack-biblio

Keeping red pandas in captivity - Hållande av röd panda i fångenskap.

Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet, Institutionen för husdjurens miljö och hälsa, Etologi- och Djurskyddsprogrammet, Skara: Studentarbete 197. 32 Seiten. ISSN 1652-280X.

Volltext (PDF)

Conclusions:

The result demonstrates that zoos that keep the red panda not necessarily follow the husbandry and management guidelines for captive red pandas. The result shows that the keeping and management of red pandas in captivity can be improved. Enclosures are small indicating that enclosure size for pandas is not prioritized by zoos. Enclosures in some zoos are even smaller than the minimum recommendations of 80 m2. Almost half the zoos have visitors around big parts of the enclosure despite the recommendation of restricted visitors’ access to two sides of the enclosure. The result shows that carnivores are placed in nearby enclosures, despite the recommendation of at least 50 m. distance. Bamboo is not fed every day in all zoos and some zoos give it only rarely despite the recommendations of 200 g bamboo to each panda, every day. The results show that many zoos offer less nest boxes then recommend. The same survey or a complemented version could be sent to all keepers of the red panda to get results from all regions were the panda is kept. The survey could benefit from some additional questions and some modifications. The following improvements could be made. Instead of asking for the mean summer temperature it would be a good idea to ask for the maximum summer temperature. That way we can see all zoos that should be aware of the risk of high temperatures and consider cooling systems. Instead of asking how large part of the enclosure that is climbable it would be better to ask for the number of climbable structures. This would give better data for comparison. To complement the question of interiors we could ask how many logs, shrubs and rocks are available and how they are distributed. We could also ask if the water sources in the enclosures are used and in what way. This could help us determine if all zoos should have water sources in the enclosure. Another question that could be asked is if enrichments are used, what kind of enrichments that are used, and how often they are available. Future studies could investigate the cause of hair loss in captive pandas. If it is related to stress, the results could indicate that there are deficiencies in the captive environment, and in that case that has to be investigated further. Future field studies where camera traps could be placed near water sources could investigate in what way water is important for red pandas.

zidar-biblio

Freedom and Animal Welfare.

Animals 2021,11: 1148.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11041148

Volltext (PDF)

Simple Summary:

There is an ongoing debate on the ethics of keeping animals in captivity and particularly as to whether freedom matters to their welfare. Freedom is a continuum, and zoo animals are provided with some freedoms that wild animals are not (such as freedom from hungeror disease) but may also lack some freedoms (such as behavioural choice). In this paper, we look at how freedom may benefit animal welfare by allowing them access to the resources they need, as well as through the additional value of a free life itself. In the end, we call for more scientific work on comparisons between the welfare of captive and wild animals, as we cannot guess what is good for animals without conducting research to find out. Knowing more about the welfare of captive and wild animals and how it relates to the amount of freedom they experience will allow us to discover what is important for animal welfare and make decisions that better reflect the animals’ own point of view.

Abstract:

The keeping of captive animals in zoos and aquariums has long been controversial. Many take freedom to be a crucial part of animal welfare and, on these grounds, criticise all forms of animal captivity as harmful to animal welfare, regardless of their provisions. Here, we analyse what it might mean for freedom to matter to welfare, distinguishing between the role of freedom as an intrinsic good, valued for its own sake and an instrumental good, its value arising from the increased abilityto provide other important resources. Too often, this debate is conducted through trading intuitions about what matters for animals. We argue for the need for the collection of comparative welfare data about wild and captive animals in order to settle the issue. Discovering more about the links between freedom and animal welfare will then allow for more empirically informed ethical decisions regarding captive animals.

browning-biblio

Höchstalter europäischer Vögel im Zoologischen Garten Basel.

Onithologischer Beobachter 61 (4): 128-132.

Inhalt:

Bei 72 einheimischen Vogelarten wurde im Zoo Basel eine nennenswerte Haltungsdauer erzielt. In einer Tabelle angegeben werden das erwerbs- bzw. Schlupfdatum, das Alter in Jahren, Monaten und Tagen sowie ob der Vogel am 01.09 1964 noch am Leben war. Die Veröffentlichung wird durch eine hier ebenfalls berücksichtigte Kurzmitteilung von A. SCHENKER (1978) im Ornithol. Beobachter 75 (2): 96 ergänzt.

wackernagel-biblio

02.05.2021 -7'470

Yellow-footed Rock Wallaby (Petrogale xanthopus xanthopus) Husbandry Manual.

Roger Williams Park Zoo, Providence, RI.
74 Seiten. Teils farbig illustriert.

Inhalt:

Es handelt sich um die Haltungsleitlinien des amerikanischen Zooverbands AZA. Im Abschnitt "History of the Species " wird auf die Taxonomie, die Wildpopulation und die Entwicklung der Zoobestände im Adelaide Zoo und in Nordamerika eingegangen. Unter "Naturals History" finden sich eine Artbeschreibung Informationen über den Lebensraum, über Ernährung und Fortpflanzung sowie Forschungs- und Wiederansiedlungsprojekte. Der dritte Teil geht auf das Management der Art im Zoo und veterinärmedizinische Aspekte ein. Abgeschlossen wird das Ganze durch ein Quellenverzeichnis.

miller-biblio

Wild Caprines in British Zoos.

International Zoo News 57 / 6 (No 383)

Introduction:

The caprines represent a very diverse range of species. They are popular zoo species which are relatively easy to cater for in captivity once their basic husbandry has been established. Although once popular and widespread in U. K. collections, they have enjoyed an even greater popularity in many other European zoos, a situation which continues today. During the late 1980s an 1990s there was a drop in their popularity in Britain and a reduction in keeping wild caprine species. In recent times, however, there seems to have been a turn-around and a renewed interest in keeping them, which has resulted in three species - Rocky Mountain goat, Japanese serow and Mishmi takin - producing their first U. K. breeding during 2006 alone. The realisation that many caprine species are becoming endangered and would benefit from captive-breeding programmes has accelerated that interest. Britain in particular seems to be moving towards a wider variety of species than has been the case historically. There are still a few collections holding Barbary sheep: It is unlikely that this species will become as commonly seen or as widespread in British collections as it once was, but we could see a move towards keeping subspecific groups instead, in accordance with recent EAZA recommendarions.

irven-biblio

Masoala - Das Auge des Waldes - Eine Überlebensstrategie für den Regenwald in Madagaskar.

144 Seiten mit zahlreichen Farbfotos von Priska Ketterer
Th. Gut Verlag, Stäfa. ISBN13: 978-3-85717-155-0

Klappentext:

Madagaskar ist einmalig bezüglich seiner Fauna und Flora, die in den Regenwäldern von Masoala ihren Höhepunkt findet. 1990 erliess die Regierung Madagaskars einen Aktionsplan zur Erhaltung der Umwelt. Um die Zerstörung dieses Naturschutzgebietes zu verhindern, entschlossen sich der Zoo Zürich sowie die Wildlife Conservation Society und ihre Partner, mit dem madagassischen Volk zusammen zu arbeiten. Die 2003 eingeweihte Masoalahalle im Zürcher Zoo ist ein Schaufenster für Madagaskar in Europa. Die beispielhafte Anlage basiert auf einem modernen Zoo-Naturschutzkonzept und ist Grundlage für eine enge Zusammenarbeit mit einem Naturschutzprojekt in der Wildnis. Mit dem Masoala Regenwald ist nicht nur eine moderne Zooanlage entstanden, sondern auch eine einmalige Sehenswürdigkeit, die weit über die Landesgrenzen hinaus auf Interesse stößt.

rübel-biblio

The European Captive Population of Crowned Sifaka: 25 Years of Management.

Primate Conservation, 2014(28):99-107. https://doi.org/10.1896/052.028.0118

Abstract:

A European Endangered Species Program (EEP) was set up for the crowned sifaka (Propithecus coronatus) in 2007, and the European captive population was identified as a conservation priority for the species during the first technical meeting on its conservation in 2011. In this article I trace the history of the European population over 25 years of management, and report on the main problems encountered during this time: the lack of females, high mortality rates of infants, and the management, of surplus males. I also present general information on the demography and genetics of the captive population, as well the principle findings of studies on the biology of the species in captivity, including, particularly, observations on reproduction: number and duration of estrus, inter-estrus interval, detection of estrus by the change in behavior of both sexes, data on fertility by age in both sexes, age at first estrus and first birth, gestation length, body weight at birth, and interbirth interval. Records of the breeding success of each female and for each pair are summarized: number of offspring, infant mortality rate, age at first birth, specific management of each female/pair, and interbirth interval. I discuss the contribution of the European holders, including the Parc Zoologique de Paris, to the conservation of the crowned sifaka through their strong involvement in in situ projects, among them a metapopulation project recently initiated by the EEP. In this project, the European captive population is included in a global management plan for the species, in particular to contribute to the management of the smallest wild populations living in isolated fragments of forest. The educational activities developed by the European holders and then by the EEP increase awareness and knowledge of the species and facilitate fundraising for the in situ projects supported.

roullet-biblio

Observations on reproductive behaviour and early postnatal development of the Proboscis monkey Nasalis larvatus orientalis at San Diego Zoo.

International Zoo Yearbook 7: 90-92
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1090.1967.tb00331.x

Inhalt:

Es wird über die Eingewöhnung eines Nasenaffen-Paares im Jahr 1961 sowie die erste Geburt 1965 und die Entwicklung des Jungtiers berichtet.

pournelle-biblio

Observations on captive Proboscis Monkeys (Nasalis larvatus).

International Zoo Yearbook 3: 69-70
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1090.1962.tb03397.x

Inhalt:

Es wird über die Ersteinfuhr von Nasenaffen in die USA (1956) eine weitere Einfuhr, Fütterung, Haltungsbedingungen und Todesursachen berichtet.

pournelle-biblio