Revision der Systematik von Gazella (Nanger) dama.

Z.Kölner Zoo 27 (3): 103–107

Zusammenfassung:

Studium und Bewertung des Bestandes an Dama-Gazellen (Nanger) im "Centro de rescate de la Fauna Sahariana" in Almería vom "Consejo sperior de Investigaciones Cientificas", sowie des Materials in Museen von Madrid, Marseille, Paris, Stuttgart, Frankfurt, Berlin und London und die Lebendbeobachtung dieser Gazellen, die derzeit in dem besagten Reservat und in Zoologischen Gärten stehen, sowie eine kritische Überprüfung der Literatur über diese Art, lassen zu dem Schluss kommen, dass die Dama-Gazelle eine Art mit kontinuierlichen Abstufungen darstellt. Daher ist die Beschreibung der zahlreichen Unterarten nicht gerechtfertigt, weshalb eine Reduzierung auf folgende drei Unterarten vorgeschlagen wird:

• Gazella dama mhorr (BENNETT) für die nordwestlichen Bestände
• Gazella dama ruficollis (HAMILTON-SMITH) für die östlichen Bestände
• Gazella dama dama (PALLAS) für die südlichen und zentralen Bestände

cano-biblio

The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World.

6. Auflage. 855 Seiten. Cornell University Press. ISBN: 0-8014-4501-9.

Zum Buch:

The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World, 6th Edition was published and released by Cornell University Press in June 2007. The book was produced from a nearly completed manuscript left by James Clements upon his death in 2005.

The Cornell Lab of Ornithology has accepted the job of maintaining the ever-changing list of species, subspecies, English names, and approximate distributions, beginning with publication of the 6th Edition. Our procedures for accomplishing this ongoing task include using the considerable expertise of our research ornithologists on staff, aided enormously by input from knowledgeable professional and amateur cooperators worldwide. We invite input on known or suspected errors or updates at any time.

This website serves as the clearinghouse for keeping your Clements Checklist up to date. We will post all corrections once a year in August. At the same time, we’ll post updates to the taxonomy, scientific and English nomenclature, and range descriptions, to incorporate changes that have made their way into the literature and are generally accepted by the appropriate scientific body or community. In the future, we will also be posting a list of alternative English names.

http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/

Zu den Online-Checklisten:

CLEMENTS, J. F., SCHULENBERG, T. S., ILIFF, M. J., ROBERSON, D, FREDERICKS, T. A., SULLIVAN, B. L. & WOOD, C. L. (2015).

The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world.

v2015. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/

Three checklists are available. The first is 2015 edition of the Clements Checklist (Clements Checklist v2015); the second is the 2015 edition of the eBird taxonomy (eBird v2015); and the third is the “master” or integrated checklist, which includes all entries in both the Clements Checklist and the eBird taxonomy.

Clements Checklists v2015 (3.9 MB Excel spreadsheet or 5.3 MB CSV file) Includes species, groups, and subspecies, with brief range descriptions.

eBird Taxonomy v2015 (1.1 MB Excel spreadsheet and 2.01 MB CSV file). Includes all categories that are reportable in eBird (including all taxa except subspecies from eBird/Clements Checklist) and is formatted with additional fields from eBird. See more on the eBird taxonomy here.

eBird/Clements Checklist v2015 (3.8 MB Excel spreadsheet or 5.4 MB CSV file) Combines all taxa from the Clements Checklist and all additional categories from the eBird taxonomy, with brief range descriptions for all taxa.

clements-biblio

European Red List of Freshwater Fishes.

viii + 60 Seiten, mit Grafiken, Farbfotos, Verbreitungskarten und Tabellen.
Publications Office of the European Union, Luxemburg. ISBN 978-92-79-20200-1; doi:10.2779/85903.

Executive Summary:

Aim: The European Red List is a review of the conservation status of c. 6,000 European species to date (dragonflies, butterflies, freshwater fishes, reptiles, amphibians, mammals and selected groups of beetles, molluscs, and vascular plants) according to IUCN regional Red Listing guidelines. It identifies those species that are threatened with extinction at the regional level – in order that appropriate conservation action can be taken to improve their status. This Red List publication summarizes the results for all described native European freshwater fishes and lampreys (hereafter referred to as just freshwater fishes).

Scope: All species of freshwater fishes recorded from European freshwater waters are included. Marine migrants and species of brackish waters are also included if they regularly enter freshwater habitats. Species are only included if the record is based on individuals with locality data and reliable identification.

Red List assessments were made at two regional levels: for geographical Europe, and for the 27 current Member States of the European Union. The distribution of freshwater fishes is considered at the sub-river basin level. Therefore the distribution included here sometimes extends beyond the political boundaries.

Status assessment: The status of all species was assessed using the IUCN Red List Criteria, which are the world’s most widely accepted system for measuring extinction risk. All assessments followed the Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional Levels.

The status of species endemic to the Mediterranean basin is based on evaluations made during an IUCN workshop held in Malaga (Spain) in December 2004. All European sturgeons were assessed at a workshop held in Wuhan (China), during the 6th International Symposium on Sturgeon in October 2009. The status of all other European species has been evaluated when preparing the Handbook of European Freshwater Fishes during an IUCN workshop held in Berlin (Germany) in December 2006, in coordination with the IUCN Freshwater Biodiversity Assessment Unit. All species present in the 27 Member States of the EU were re-assessed for their regional conservation status in 2010. Assessments are available on the European Red List website and data portal: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/conservation/species/redlist and http://www.iucnredlist.org/europe.

The status of all European freshwater fish species has been reviewed. For certain species groups of Mediterranean river basins, the taxonomy has been revised since the  2004 Malaga workshop, requiring an update of their Red List status. Also, several species have been newly described since 2007. All this is leading to an improved understanding of their conservation status. Up-to-date information for all these species is included in this report. Evaluations have mostly been done through the formal IUCN validation procedure, except for a few species still awaiting comments by relevant specialist groups of the IUCN Species Survival Commission.

Freshwater fishes in Europe: As part of this Red List assessment, 531 native and described European species have been assessed, of which 381 are present in the 27 Member States of the European Union. Almost 80% of the European species are endemic to Europe (which means that they are unique to Europe and are found nowhere else in the world). About 50% of the species found in the 27 Member States of the EU are endemic to the EU. Seven species occur only marginally on the European continent, and are considered as Not Applicable in this assessment.

Results: Overall, at least 37% of Europe’s freshwater fishes are threatened at a continental scale, and 39% are threatened at the EU 27 level. A further 4% of freshwater fishes are considered Near Threatened. This is one of the highest threat levels of any major taxonomic group assessed to date for Europe. The conservation status of Europe’s eight sturgeon species is particularly worrying: all but one are Critically Endangered. By comparison, 44% of freshwater molluscs, 23% of amphibians, 19% of reptiles, 15% of mammals and dragonflies, 13% of birds, 9% of butterflies and 7% of aquatic plants are threatened at the European level.

Despite a lack of good trend data for certain countries, the current assessment shows that about 17% of Europe’s freshwater fish species have declining populations, whereas only 1% are on the increase, and 6% are considered stable. For the remaining 76%, the current level of knowledge is insufficient to define their population trends.

The highest levels of species diversity are found in the lower parts of the rivers draining into the Black and Caspian Seas. However, a number of species with restricted ranges are also encountered in the Alps, in Great Britain and Ireland, and around the Mediterranean and Black Seas. Most of the threatened species are confined to certain areas in southern Europe.

Most freshwater fishes are in some way affected by pollution of domestic, industrial and agricultural origin. Another primary threat to Europe’s freshwater fishes is habitat loss due to over-abstraction of water. Additional major threats are the introduction of alien species, overfishing (particularly in the larger rivers of Eastern Europe) and a massive increase in the construction of dams, blocking migration and altering stream habitats.

Conclusions and recommendations:

• Freshwater fishes are one of the most highly threatened species groups in Europe. At least 37% of all European species are threatened at a continental scale, and 39% are threatened at the EU 27 level. Of all assessed species groups, this level of threat is second only to the one for freshwater molluscs. The conservation status of Europe’s eight sturgeon species is particularly worrying: all but one are Critically Endangered.
• There is an ongoing extinction crisis affecting Europe’s freshwater fishes. At least 13 species are now globally Extinct. Five additional species are Possibly Extinct, but the information is currently inadequate to certify their extinction. Furthermore, several freshwater fish species are currently under immediate threat of extinction, amongst them several species of sturgeons, and certain species of the Mediterranean river basins.
• The high overall threat level of Europe’s freshwater fishes is an indicator for the exceptional vulnerability of Europe’s freshwater habitats, and of their poor state of protection. The main threats to Europe’s freshwater fishes are pollution, habitat loss due to over-abstraction of water, and the introduction of alien species. Alien species introduction, especially where these are of European origin, is almost totally uncontrolled. The main vectors of alien species introduction are recreational fisheries and the connection of formerly separate river basins by manmade canals.
• An increased frequency and intensity of droughts is already impacting freshwater systems and the species that rely on them, especially in the Mediterranean region. The predicted impact of climate change is likely to worsen the situation in the future.
• While many freshwater fishes are protected under national legislation or under the EU Habitats Directive, the majority of threatened species still remain unprotected. Furthermore, where legal protection does exist, it often remains ineffective against threats such as alien species introduction or water abstraction.
• In order to improve the conservation status of European freshwater fishes and to reverse their decline, ambitious conservation actions are urgently needed. In particular: ensuring adequate protection and management of key freshwater habitats and of their surrounding areas, drawing up and implementing Species Action Plans for the most threatened species, establishing monitoring and ex-situ programmes, finding appropriate means to limit further alien species introductions, especially by anglers, and revising national and European legislation, adding species identified as threatened where needed.
• The identification, establishment and management of a network of Freshwater Key Biodiversity Areas in Europe is urgently needed.
• This project contributes to improving and updating the coverage of fishes on the global IUCN Red List, thanks to the assessment of endemic European freshwater fishes.

freyhof-biblio

Synopsis of Biological Data on the Lumpsucker Cyclopterus lumpus (Linnaeus, 1758).

FAO Fish.Synop.147. 31 Seiten. Hrsg. FAO, Rom. ISBN 92-5-102330-1

Abstract:

This synopsis compiles and reviews the presently available information on identity, distribution, bionomics, life history, population structure and dynamics, exploitation, aquaculture and weed control potential of the lumpsucker, Cyclopterus lumpus (Linnaeus, 1758).

davenport-biblio

Taxonomic diversity of European Cottus with description of eight new species (Teleostei: Cottidae).

Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters 16 (2): 107-172, 34 Abb., 7 Tabellen. ISSN 0936-9902.

Summary:

The taxonomy of European species of Cottus (Cottidae) is revised. Results of molecular studies are summarised and the variability of morphological characters is reviewed. Molecular and morphological data support the recognition of 15 diagnosable species in Europe. A neotype is designated for C. gobio; the type locality is in the lower Elbe drainage. Cottus gobio, C. hispaniolensis, C. koshewnikowi, C. microstomus, C. petiti, and C. poecilopus are re-diagnosed. Eight new species are described. Three of them are restricted to France: C. aturi to the Adour drainage, C. duranii to the upper Dordogne, upper Lot and upper Loire drainages, and C. rondeleti to the Hérault drainage. Two new species are described from the Atlantic and North Sea basins: C. perifretum from Great Britain, and the Scheldt, Rhine, Seine, lower Loire and lower Garonne drainages, and C. rhenanus from the Meuse and lower and middle Rhine drainages. Cottus scaturigo is described from a single spring in northeastern Italy. In the Danube drainage, C. metae from the upper Save and C. transsilvaniae from the upper Arges are distinguished from the widespread C. gobio. Lectotypes are designated for C. ferrugineus and C. pellegrini. Cottus koshewnikowi Gratzianow, 1907 is declared nomen protectum and C. gobio microcephalus Kessler, 1868 is declared nomen oblitum. The original spelling of C. milvensis is discussed.

freyhof-biblio

Phylogenetic systematics of the subfamily Polyphaginae, with the assignment of Cryptocercus Scudder, 1862 to this taxon (Blattaria, Blaberoidea, Polyphagidae).

Systematic Entomology 19 (2): 145–158.
Online seit 2008: DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3113.1994.tb00584.x

Abstract:

The subfamily Polyphaginae is assessed using phylogenetic methodology, which has resulted in a revised concept of this taxon which includes the Homoeogamiidae, Mononychoblattidae and Cryptocercidae. A redescription of the subfamily is offered, and synapomorphic characters are provided to support the monophyly of both the Polyphaginae and the family Poiyphagidae. A phylogenetic hypothesis of relationships of polyphagine genera is proposed, based on fifty morphological characters polarized in reference to six outgroups (one tree, CI = 0.79, RI = 0.87). The Polyphaginae now includes the following sixteen genera: Anisogamia, Arenivaga, Cryptocercus, Eremoblatta, Ergaula, Eucorydia, Eupolyphaga, Hemelytroblatta, Heterogamisca, Heterogamodes, Homoeogamia, Leiopteroblatta, Mononychoblatta, Nymphytria, Polyphaga and Therea. Three genera are removed from the Polyphaginae: Austropolyphaga, Miroblatta and Polyphagoides. One new generic synonymy is proposed: Psammoblatta as a synonym of Hemelytroblatta. The subgenus Heterogamisca is elevated to generic status. The genus Nymphytria is removed from synonymy with Mononychoblatta, and restored to generic rank. The subfamily Polyphaginae in its present sense has a large ecological range, including deserts of North America and the Old World, and tropical and temperate biomes such as dry and rain forests of Africa and Asia, but excluding Australia.

grandcolas-biblio

19.01.2016 - 203

Das Großwild der Erde und seine Trophäen.

XII + 436 Seiten, 264 Strichzeichnungen, 12 Farbtafeln, 6 Karten.
Bayerischer Landwirtschaftsverlag.

Besprechung im J. Mammalogy (1957):

As the reader is informed in the authors' foreword, this book has been written at the suggestion of the Counseil International de la Chasse (CIC), Paris, in order to meet the needs of persons whose field of interest includes the evaluation of trophies of big game animals. It is meant, therefore, in the first place for trained hunters and game wardens. Closer acquaintance with this work, however, indicates its usefulness to a wider range of people. It has been pointed out by the authors that the purpose of the book is not to stimulate the reckless killing of animals in a search for record specimens. Together with a standardization of the scoring system for trophies, they emphasize the necessity of better protection of game animals by informing the reader that the existence of a particular species is endangered.

haltenorth-biblio

Genomic ancestry of the American puma (Puma concolor).

Journal of Heredity 91 (3): 186-197.

Abstract:

Puma concolor, a large American cat species, occupies the most extensive range of any New World terrestrial mammal, spanning 100 degrees of latitude from the Canadian Yukon to the Straits of Magellan. Until the recent Holocene, pumas co-existed with a diverse array of carnivores including the American lion (Panthera atrox), the North American cheetah (Miracynonyx trumani), and the saber toothed tiger (Smilodon fatalis). Genomic DNA specimens from 315 pumas of specified geographic origin (261 contemporary and 54 museum specimens) were collected for molecular genetic and phylogenetic analyses of three mitochondrial gene sequences (16S rRNA, ATPase-8, and NADH-5) plus composite microsatellite genotypes (10 feline loci). Six phylogeographic groupings or subspecies were resolved, and the entire North American population (186 individuals from 15 previously named sub-species) was genetically homogeneous in overall variation relative to central and South American populations. The marked uniformity of mtDNA and a reduction in microsatellite allele size expansion indicates that North American pumas derive from a recent (late Pleistocene circa 10,000 years ago) replacement and recolonization by a small number of founders who themselves originated from a centrum of puma genetic diversity in eastern South America 200,000-300,000 years ago. The recolonization of North American pumas was coincident with a massive late Pleistocene extinction event that eliminated 80% of large vertebrates in North America and may have extirpated pumas from that continent as well.

culver-biblio

Western Zambian sable: Are they a geographic extension of the giant sable antelope?

South African Journal of Wildlife Research, 40 (1): 35-42.

Mitteilung:

Over recent years many studies have looked at the effects that translocations have on the conservation of evolutionary patterns within game species. One of the most valuable game ranch species in South Africa is the sable antelope (Hippotragus niger). Four subspecies of this species are recognised based on morphological characteristics; these include the Roosevelt (Hippotragus niger roosevelti, and Kirk's sable (Hippotragus niger kirkii) in East Africa, the southern sable (Hippotragus niger niger) found from south-western Tanzania southwards including in South Africa, and the giant sable (Hippotragus niger variani) which occurs in Angola.

One subspecies whose survival is of great concern is giant sable. Years of civil unrest in Angola, and being limited to a small area and interbreeding with its congener the roan antelope, has lead to the giant sable being listed as critically endangered by the IUCN. Originally known to occur only in the central part of Angola, sightings of antelopes that superficially resemble the giant sable antelope have been reported in the eastern areas of Western Zambia. The antelopes sighted resembled the giant sable antelope in phenotype, most notably the distinct facial markings and coat colour. These reports prompted speculation in the popular media that the distribution area of the giant sable may be larger than is reflected in the scientific literature, a view that could have a serious impact on current conservation efforts to protect the giant sable antelope.

The recent study by Jansen van Vuuren and colleagues compared the genetic profiles from representative specimens from all four subspecies (including animals from western Zambia) to determine the evolutionary placement of western Zambian sable within Hippotragus niger niger or Hippotragus niger variani based on genetic characters rather than just morphological characteristics.

Their results confirmed previous reports that indicate significant separation of genetic variation (differences at genetic level) in sable antelope subspecies across their pan-African distribution. In addition, although the western Zambian and giant sable antelope resemble one another in morphology, particularly with respect to facial markings, significant genetic differences underpin these two evolutionary lineages with the western Zambian sable falling within the southern sable subspecies (Hippotragus niger niger).

These results indicate substantial phenotypic plasticity (the ability of an organism to change its phenotype in response to changes in the environment) in the characters that are conventionally used to distinguish the giant sable antelope from other sable subspecies. Consequently, neither horn length nor facial markings of the giant sable antelope should be driving conservation concerns, but rather its unique evolutionary history. The findings from this study underscore the need for rethinking decision making in conservation efforts to ensure the survival of the giant sable in Angola.

jansen-biblio

Neotropical primates from the Cologne Zoo in the collections of the Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig:
noteworthy specimens, taxonomic notes and general considerations.

Bonn zoological Bulletin 63 (2): 173–187.

Volltext

Abstract:

Cologne Zoo was a major place for the captive care of primates of the family Pitheciidae in the second half of the last century. Various species of the genera Cacajao, Chiropotes and Pithecia, which until then had a poor survival record in human care, lived at the Cologne Zoo for years. This offered the unique possibility to gather important information on their biology and care in captivity. Moreover several individuals were featured in a diverse array of technical publications and/or were mentioned in respective texts. However, at that time knowledge on the taxonomy of South American primates was still incomplete. New species and subspecies were named, some of which were kept in the zoo unnoticed.

After their death Cologne Zoo donated specimens as vouchers to the Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig. We evaluate their species identity in the context of the ongoing debate on the taxonomy of these three genera and also address the potential importance of zoo specimens for the scientific study of taxonomic and biological questions. Furthermore, based on our data the status of Chiropotes israelita and C. sagulatus as valid species is questioned.

peters-biblio