Donnerstag, 14 Juni 2018 15:36

MOHR, E. (1957)

Sirenen oder Seekühe. 

61 Seiten, 70 s/w Abbildungen.
Die Neue Brehm-Bücherei, Heft 197
A. Ziemsen Verlag, Wittenberg Lutherstadt.
Nachdruck durch Christ Media Natur, Minden.

Verlagstext: 

Wem jemals eine gefangene Seekuh, eine Sirene, ein Salatblatt aus der Hand genommen hat und der sah, wie dieses Tier es friedsam in sich hineingekaut hat, der fragt sich vergebens, wie man solch harm- und wehrlosem Tier die von Homer überlieferten männermordenden Lebensgewohnheiten andichten konnte. Aber man hat es getan und man wurde seine Fabelgeschichten um so leichter los, als man damals wie heute wenig von Sirenen wußte, die nur oder fast nur den Fischern und Schiffern in der Heimat der Seekühe vertraut waren, da die Tiergärten selbst heute kaum diese seltsamen Gestalten zur Schau stellen können. Homers Sirenen gehören ins Reich der Sage, genauso wie deren verführerischer Gesang. Die wirklichen Sirenen gehören zu den zoologisch interessantesten Säugetieren der tropischen Meere, ebenso wie ihr riesenhafter Vetter aus dem arktischen Stillen Ozean, den menschliche Habgier schon wenige Jahre nach der Entdeckung bis auf das letzte Stück ausgerottet hat, und von dem nur einige verstreute Skelett- und Hautreste übrig blieben.

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Donnerstag, 14 Juni 2018 10:47

MANATI, A. R. (2011)

Unterartenfrage Persischer Leoparden geklärt

Der Zoologische Garten 81, (1): 1- 13, ISSN 0044-5169

 Abstract:

The Studbook for the Persian Leopard, Panthera pardus saxicolor, was analyzed. The whole population derives from a few founder animals, imported in the midth fifties from Iran and in the late sixties from Afghanistan. To avoid inbreeding later on the Iranian and the Afghan lines were mixed. A female imported in 1968 from Kabul to Cologne is represented in each of the more than 100 animals living today.

This study deals with the question of subspecies of leopards in Afghanistan. Out of the 27 subspecies described four are believed to exist in Afghanistan. However, according to a molecular-biological revision of the species there is only one subspecies in Afghanistan, Panthera pardus saxicolor. To clarify the subspecies question various measures of furs have been taken in the bazars. The results revealed that the leopards in Afghanistan are the biggest of its species. However a further differentiation according to the area of origin within the country was not possible. Also the traditional differentiation on the basis of colours and patterns on the furs was not possible.

In contrast to the molecular-biological investigations published, not only samples of zoo animals were available in this study but also samples from the wild. The results confirm that almost all leopards from Afghanistan and Iran belong to one and the same subspecies. Only in the most eastern part of Afghanistan, the Indian leopard, Panthera pardus fusca, can be found.

Mixing the two lines subsequently is justified by the results of this study. Recently acquired animals from the Caucasus, however, should be tested genetically before integrating them into the zoo population.

 

Siehe auch: MANATI, A. R. (2008)

 

manati-biblio

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Hippopotamyrus ansorgii species complex in the Upper Zambezi River System with a description of a new species, H. szaboi (Mormyridae).

Zoologica Scripta, 33, 1–18.

Abstract:

Specimens referable to Hippopotamyrus ansorgii sampled from the Upper Zambezi River System within Caprivi (Namibia) represent a complex of three species, two of which coexist in the Upper Zambezi River, and a third that inhabits a nearby river, the Kwando, with which the Zambezi has been connected during periods of flooding. All three are indistinguishable in terms of their general appearance, but differ consistently in electric organ discharges (EOD), morphology, and molecular genetic characters. All phenotypes display a monopolar, head-positive EOD pulse with specific post- or prepotentials. For H. ansorgii from the Zambezi River (HaZ), pulse duration is less than 0.5 ms (down to 0.205 ms; N= 34); for the syntopic H. szaboi sp. n., it is greater than 0.6 ms (up to 1.8 ms at 10% peak amplitude; N= 19). The parapatric phenotype of H. ansorgii from the Kwando River (HaK) has pulses shorter than 0.215 ms (down to 0.105 ms; N = 36). All three members of the species complex may be distinguished from each other by 7−9 anatomical characters, analysed by manova. Based on 22 enzymes and proteins studied, the moderate to high Wright's fixation index and the significant (P < 0.05) allele differentiation between EOD phenotypes provide additional evidence for incipient speciation. Pairwise analyses of the three different phenotypes showed the two parapatric species of H. ansorgii grouped together, and distinguishable from individuals of H. szaboi. Analyses of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene revealed that all specimens which were attributed to H. szaboi form a well-supported monophyletic basal clade (bootstrap support 73% or 82%). The genetic distances (uncorrected p distances) between H. szaboi and the two species of H. ansorgii are between 0.6% and 1.7%. Within the derived H. ansorgii clade some phylogeographical differentiation can be seen for fishes from the Zambezi and Kwando Rivers, but the respective groups are not consistent or supported by significant bootstrap values. The question of which of the two parapatric morphological and EOD phenotypes of H. ansorgii recognized in the present paper represents H. ansorgii (Boulenger, 1905) cannot be resolved at present because of the paucity and unclear origin of the historical type material.

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On the nomenclature of Bathyergidae and Fukomys n.g. (Mammalia: Rodentia).

Zootaxa 1142: 51-55.


Abstract

Recently, in an examination of the phylogenetic relationships among the mole-rats of the family Bathyergidae (Mammalia: Rodentia), Ingram
et al. (2004) documented molecular evidence for the recognition of the Cryptomys mechowii  species group at the generic level and resurrected the name Coetomys  Gray, 1864 for this group. Subsequent literature review revealed that Coetomys is notavailable to this species group, being a junior synonym of Cryptomys Gray, 1864. Here, we describe and diagnose Fukomys genus novum. In addition, we discuss the taxonomic history of this group inan attempt to reduce the nomenclatural confusion that has plagued studies of the Bathyergidae forover a century.

kock-biblio

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Morphological studies on the systematics of south east Asian water monitors (Varanus salvator Complex): nominotypic populations and taxonomic overview.

Mertensiella 16:109-180. Rheinbach, 2007.

Zusammenfassung:

Der Südostasiatische Bindenwaran, gelegentlich als Varanus salvator-Komplex bezeichnet, besitzt das weiteste Verbreitungsgebiet aller Warane. Trotz seiner enormen geographischen Ausdehnung  und  augenscheinlicher  Unterschiede  im  Farbmuster  verschiedener  Unterarten,  und selbst innerhalb einzelner (Insel-) Populationen, ist der Bindenwaran seit über 60 Jahren nicht taxonomisch bearbeitet worden. Um die ungelöste Situation dieses Unterartenkomplexes aufzuklären, wurde eine detaillierte Analyse morphologischer und morphometrischer Merkmale durchgeführt, die grundlegend neue Daten zur Systematik von V. salvator liefert. Hierfür wurden über 330 Exemplare von 41 Lokalitäten aus nahezu dem gesamten Verbreitungsgebiet auf Merkmale der Beschuppung, des Farbmusters und Längenabmessungen hin untersucht. Die Ergebnisse dieser eingehenden morphologischen Untersuchungen sind Gegenstand einer fundamentalen Revision des Bindenwarans: Dieser erste Teil behandelt alle nominotypischen Populationen von V. salvator (Laurenti, 1768), welche bei weitem das größte Verbreitungsgebiet aufweisen, und bietet einen generellen taxonomischen Überblick über alle validen Unterarten. Der ursprüngliche Artstatus der philippinischen Taxa marmoratus, nuchalis und cumingi wird aufgrund statistisch signifikanter Unterschiede in charakteristischen Beschuppungs- und Zeichnungsmerkmalen revalidiert. Da der Holotypus von V. salvator, d. h. die Vorlage für Albertus Sebas (1735) Abbildung des Ikonotypus, als verloren oder niemals existent angesehen werden muss, wird ein Neotypus designiert, um die Stabilität der zoologischen Nomenklatur zu gewährleisten. Zugleich wird die Eigenständigkeit der Bindenwarane von Sri Lanka im Vergleich zu den übrigen nominotypischen Populationen  bewiesen, so dass die  Unterart V. s. salvator auf diese Insel beschränkt  bleiben muss. Für die verbleibenden Populationen des ehemals nominotypischen Verbreitungsgebietes ist der Name macromaculatus Deraniyagala, 1944 verfügbar. Währenddessen kann die Validität des rein melanistischen Taxons komaini Nutphand, 1987 aufgrund umfassender morphologischer Übereinstimmungen nicht bestätigt werden; wir betrachten es somit als Junior-Synonym von V. s. macromaculatus. Im Gegensatz hierzu wird das teil-melanistische Taxon togianus Peters, 1872 aufgrund eindeutiger diagnostischer Merkmale zur eigenständigen Art aufgewertet. Der taxonomische Status der übrigen, gefleckten Bindenwaranpopulationen Sulawesis muss jedoch gegenwärtig als ungeklärt angesehen werden.

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Donnerstag, 14 Juni 2018 08:01

GROVES, C.P. & GRUBB, P. (2011)

Ungulate Taxonomy.

336 Seiten.
John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. ISBN-13 978-1-4214-0093-8 und ISBN-10 1-4214-0093-6.

Verlagstext:

A group of special interest to mammalogists, taxonomists, and systemicists, ungulates have proven difficult to classify. This comprehensive review of the taxonomic relationships of artiodactyls and perissodactyls brings forth new evidence in order to propose a theory of ungulate taxonomy.

With this straightforward volume, Colin Groves and the late Peter Grubb cut through previous assumptions to define ungulate genera, species, and subspecies. The species-by-species accounts incorporate new molecular, cytogenetic, and morphological data, as well as the authors’ own observations and measurements. The authors include references and supporting arguments for new classifications.

A starting point for further research, this book is sure to be discussed and hotly debated in the mammalogical community. A well-reasoned synthesis, Ungulate Taxonomy will be a defining volume for years to come.

Ungulate Taxonomy - A new perspective from Groves and Grubb (2011)

Taxonomy (the study of classification) is a constantly-evolving field. Every year, changes to the "standard" list of ungulates (covering approximately 250 species) are proposed as new physical and genetic evidence becomes available: renaming subspecies as distinct species, separating (or uniting) genera, or naming species new to science. Most taxonomic changes are rather restricted in scale (usually reorganizing a species or genus). Rarely, however, entire orders are reviewed and revised: the ENTIRE scope of hoofed mammals receives such a treatment in Ungulate Taxonomy (Groves and Grubb, 2011).

Ungulate Taxonomy turns the classification of hoofed mammals on its head. Whereas traditional species lists rely on the Biological Species Concept (which differentiates species on the basis of "reproductive isolation", the lack of interbreeding in nature), Groves and Grubb have applied the Phylogenetic Species Concept (which separates species on the basis of "fixed heritable differences": measureable characters that are consistently different between taxa). This change in approach has had major implication on the number of species: Groves and Grubb recognize over 450 distinct ungulates. Simultaneously, however, the recognition of subspecies has sharply declined: under the Phylogenetic Species Concept, populations that can be differentiated are listed as separate species; those which cannot be are grouped as a single taxon.

The new approach to ungulate classification is presented below alongside the traditional species list (note that species fact sheets are accessible from the Ungulates of the World page). Such a radical departure from tradition often encounters great resistance, but the application of the Phylogenetic Species Concept to ungulate taxa is not brand-new: it is generally well-accepted for taxa like babirusas, chevrotains, and musk deer.

Siehe dazu: U. SCHÜRER (2012) Neue Huftier-Taxonomie verursacht Probleme.

groves-biblio

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Donnerstag, 14 Juni 2018 08:00

GROVES, C. P. (1997)

Taxonomy of wild pigs Sus of the Philippines.

Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 120: 163-191.

Abstract:

Native wild pigs of the Philippines are now in grave danger of extinction. Study of available material indicates that three species are present: Sundaland Sus barbatus on Palawan, and two endemic species, Sus philippensis (with three subspecies, one of them here described as new) on Luzon, Mindanao, Basilan, Leyte, Samar, Catanduanes and Mindoro, and Sus cebifroms on Negros, debit and Panay. Specimens from Jolo. Masbale and Bohol presently remain unallocated to species, and may reflect the occurrence of hybridization.

 

groves-biblio

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Donnerstag, 14 Juni 2018 07:59

GROVES, C. P. (1967)

Geographic variation in the black rhicoceros, Diceros bicornis (L. 1758).

Z. Säugetierk. 32 (5): 267-276.

groves-biblio

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Donnerstag, 14 Juni 2018 07:11

GERLACH, J. (2009)

Aldabrachelys arnoldii (Bour 1982) – Arnold's Giant Tortoise.

Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises. 028.1. A Compilatory Project of the IUCN/SSC Freshwater Turtle and Tortoise Specialist Group. Chelonian Research Monographs No. 5 (ISSN 1088-7105).

Summary:

Arnold’s  giant  tortoise, Aldabrachelys  arnoldi (=  Dipsochelys  arnoldi)   (Family Testudinidae), from the granitic Seychelles, is a controversial species possibly distinct from the Aldabra giant tortoise, A. gigantea  (= D. dussumieri  of some authors). The species is a morphologically distinctive morphotype, but has so far not been genetically distinguishable from the Aldabra tortoise,  and  is  considered  synonymous  with  that  species  by  many  researchers.  Captive  reared juveniles suggest that there may be a genetic basis for the morphotype and more detailed genetic work is needed to elucidate these relationships. The species is the only living saddle-backed tortoise in the Seychelles islands. It was apparently extirpated from the wild in the 1800s and believed to be extinct until recently purportedly rediscovered in captivity. The current population of this morphotype is 23 adults, including 18 captive adult males on Mahé Island, 5 adults recently introduced to Silhouette Island, and one free-ranging female on Cousine Island. Successful captive breeding has produced 138 juveniles to date.

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Donnerstag, 14 Juni 2018 07:10

GEIST, V. (1998)

Deer of the world – their evolution, behaviour and ecology.

432 Seiten.
Stackpole Books. ISBN-13: 9780811704960

Anbietertext:

Deer of the World tells the fascinating story of how the family Cervidae has evolved over the past 30 million years and how its adaptations have made it one of the most successful mammals in the world today. Here Dr Valerius Geist combines over 40 years of firsthand research with information from English, German, and Russian sources both published and unpublished to form the most comprehensive, up-to-date volume available on deer evolution, behaviour, and ecology. Since prehistory, deer have flourished in nearly every habitat, from desert to forest, from topics to tundra and have left a fossil record of dramatic earlier forms. As glaciers and humans altered the earth's landscape, deer adapted. Deer of the World defines the body types of both past and present species, revealing how they avoid predation, whether they prefer dense vegetation or open plains habitat, whether their numbers are limited by resources or predators, and how well-suited they are to their environments. 

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