Enclosure Design for Captive Slow and Pygmy Lorises.

In: Primates of the Oriental Night - proceedings of the Indonesian Workshop: Taxonomy, husbandry, and conservation of tarsiers and lorises. Jakarta, Indonesia, 15-25 February 2003, at the Pusat Primata Schmutzer / Schmutzer Primate Center, Ragunan Zoo, Jakarta. Special edition of Treubia, Bogor: 123-135

Abstract:

While large numbers of slow and pygmy lorises are commonly kept in local zoos and rescue centers, information about
enclosure design and minimal housing requirements is often lacking. We present recommendations for designing indoor and
outdoor loris enclosures for exhibits, rescue centers, and sanctuaries. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each
enclosure type and address construction specifications, furnishings, environmental requirements, social considerations, and
keeper monitoring. Essential requirements for loris release into naturalistic outdoor enclosures are presented along with
questions for future studies.

Auszug:

In some facilities such as primate rescue centers, wire cages may be the best option available. An outdoor cage measuring 2.00 m x 2.50 m x 1.80 m can successfully house 1-3 slow lorises if the furnishings are sufficient. (See climbing structures and nest box sections.) Wire should always be free of rust or sharp edges. Poly vinyl coated wire is ideal because it resists corrosion from moisture and loris urine marking. Wire gage of 2 cm x 2 cm is comfortable for lorises to grasp, and it will keep rodents and potential predators outside. Outdoor enclosures must also have a solid roof to protect lorises from sun and rain.

Maximum flexibility can be achieved by building several smaller cages (minimum size of 1.70 m x 1.00 m x .70 m per slow loris), which are connected with removable wire tunnels. Depending on whether the tunnel gates are open or closed, lorises can be kept alone or given access to other enclosures. If cages share common walls, double wire mesh or solid walls must be used to prevent lorises from biting their neighbor ’s fingers. Keeper doors should be large enough for a person to walk inside the enclosure or easily reach any area inside the cage. Doorframes must be made of a solid material that will not bend. Otherwise, lorises may be able to escape by squeezing their bodies through the small gaps between door openings. Cages should be elevated at least 15 cm above the ground to so that excreta and other waste will fall below. Indoor cages can easily be moved for cleaning if wheels are attached to the bottoms. Food dishes and nest boxes can be placed on wire shelves, which are also useful for loris resting places.

fitch-biblio

Exudates and Animal Prey Characterize Slow Loris (Nycticebus pygmaeus, N. coucang and N. javanicus) Diet in Captivity and After Release into the Wild.

IN: MASTERS, J. et al. (eds.) Leaping Ahead: AdVances in Prosimian Biology, Decelopments in Primatology: Progess and Prosepcts: 165-172. DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-4511-1_19

Abstract:

We present dietary data for individuals of three species of slow loris rescued from the pet trade: Nycticebus pygmaeus released and radio-tracked in Vietnam and N. coucang and N. javanicus held in captivity in Indonesia. Contrary to popular belief that slow lorises are frugivores, our data support recent studies that slow lorises are one of few primates specialized for regular extractive gouging of plant exudates, and capable of consuming insect prey containing secondary compounds. These behaviors are present in juveniles as young as 4 months. This specialized diet should be considered when maintaining captive individuals, and when planning reintroduction programs.

streicher-biblio

Seasonal Body Weight Changes in Pygmy Lorises (Nycticebus pygmaeus).

Verh.ber. Erkrg. Zootiere 42: 292-298

Summary:

Obesity has often been considered a main health problem of captive pygmy lorises. In fact changes in bodyweight might not always be pathological but an important aspect of the animals’ physiology. Kept under natural light ing and climatic conditions, pygmy lorises show distinct weight changes independent from the food supply. These changes are correlated to the season and pygmy lorises have significantly higher bodyweights in the winter than in the summer months.

Peak bodyweight values in winter are more than 50 % higher than the lowest values in summer.

The variation in bodyweight occurs in both sexes and equally in pregnant and non-pregnant females. Food sources are scarce during the winter season and pygmy lorises seemingly increase their daily food intake in order to accumulate fat reserves prior to the time of food shortage. For pygmy lorises, energy storage appear s to be an important means to allow survival during the winter months.

streicher-biblio