Increase and decline in the density index of Japanese sika deer (Cervus nippon) over 18 years in an evergreen broad-leaved forest with no hunting pressure in the Natural World Heritage Area of Yakushima, Japan.

Japanese Journal of Conservation Ecology. April 20, 2021. DOI: 10.18960/hozen.1923.

Inhalt:

The Yakushima sika deer (yakushika: Cervus nippon yakushimae), a subspecies of the Japanese sika deer (Cervus nippon), evolved without natural predators on the island of Yakushima, in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan. It inhabits the forests on the island which were declared a World Heritage Site in 1993. Within the site, the yakushika has not been hunted in the past 50 years; however, since 2014, their population has been decreasing. This phenomenon is especially curious, as Japanese researchers believed that sika deer populations in Japan would not decrease without human intervention.

agetsuma-biblio

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Sonntag, 24 Oktober 2021 14:20

TSUJINO, R., NOMA, N. & YUMOTO, T. (2004)

Growth of the sika deer (Cervus nippon yakushimae) population in the western lowland forests of Yakushima Island, Japan.

Mammal Study 29(2):105-111. DOI:10.3106/mammalstudy.29.105

Abstract:

The density of a sika deer population in an evergreen natural forest on Yakushima Island was surveyed by road counts from August 1988 to July 1989, and from August 2001 to July 2002. Based on distance-sampling methods, population density estimates were 2.55 deer/km2 in 1988 and 40.74 deer/km2 in 2001. Encounter rate indices (number of deer seen per kilometer) increased by a factor of 6.16 over these 13 years. This rapid population growth may reflect increased sika deer food availability following logging in the forest.

tsujino-biblio

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Sonntag, 05 April 2020 14:45

OKITSU S. (2003)

Forest Vegetation of Northern Japan and the Southern Kurils.

In: KOLBEK, J. et al.: Forest Vegetation of Northeast Asia: 231-261.
Geobnotany Series Vol. 28. Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.
ISBN 978-90-481-6312-0; ISBN 978-94-017-0143-3 (eBook); DOI 10.1007/978-94-017-0143-3.

Abstract:

The composition and geographical distribution of major forest types of northern Japan, including the southem Kuril Islands, are summarized, along with phytogeographical relationships of the major forest types to the forests of the adjacent Korean Peninsula, northeastern China and the Russian Far East. Two major forest zones appear, a cool-temperate forest zone and a boreal forest zone, as well as a subalpine forest belt in mountains of northern Japan. The cool-temperate forest zone includes five major climax forest types: Fagus japonica forest, Quercus serrata forest, Fagus crenata forest, Quercus mongolica forest and Abies sachalinensis-Quercus mongolica forest. This zone covers almost all of lowland northern Japan. The boreal forest zone includes three major climax forest types: Picea jezoensis-Abies sachalinensis forest, Picea glehnii forest and Larix gmelinii forest. This zone occurs in central Hokkaido and on the southern Kuril Islands. The subalpine forest belt includes three major forest types: Abies mariesii forest, Betula ermanii forest and Pinus pumila thicket. Phytogeographically, the Quercus serrata forest and Quercus mongolica forest are the principal forest types of cool-temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest in northeastern Asia. The Fagus crenata forest is a snow-induced, non-zonal climax. The Abies sachalinensis-Quercus mongolica forest is the most essential forest type of the Pan-Mixed Forest Zone (sensu Tatewaki), together with the Quercus mongolica forest. The Picea jezoensis-Abies sachalinensis forest composes the eastern and southernmost extension of the boreal evergreen forest zone in northeastern Asia. The subalpine Abies mariesii forest is endemic to northern Japan, while the Betula ermanii forest occupies the area of highly oceanic climate in northeastern Asia. Finns punula thicket is a homologue of the Larix gmelinii-Pinus pumila forest in continental northeastern Asia. The south to north zonation of forest types in lowland northern Japan corresponds to the following sequence: Quercus serrata forest, Quercus mongolica forest, Abies sachalinensis-Quercus mongolica forest, and Picea jezoensis-,Abies sachalinensis forest.

okitsu-biblio

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Sonntag, 05 April 2020 13:11

LAJTA, H. (1992)

Der Große Polyglott Reiseführer (Nr.46): Japan .

17. Auflage.
400 Seiten mit 108 Abbildungen u. 50 Karten in Farbe und Schwarzweiß.
Polyglott-Verlag München. ISBN-13: 978-3493600469.

Klappentext:

Blühende Kirschbäume, leuchtend bunte Wälder, bezaubernde Küstenlandschaften, mächtige Vulkane, heiße Quellen, grüne Reisfelder, tropische Inseln, schneebedeckte Berge: Nippon - das Land der "aufgehenden Sonne". In dieser Inselwelt am Rande pazifischer Tiefseegräben, ganz weit weg im Fernen Osten und doch mitten im Westen, erzählen trutzige Burgen von der einstigen Macht der Schogune, zeugen unzählige Tempel und Schreine von der tiefen Religiosität der Menschen. Das Streben nach Harmonie ist allgegenwärtig, sei es im Landschaftsgarten, im kunstvollen Ikebana-Arrangement oder bei der Teezeremonie. Ein Europäer braucht offene Augen und Ohren, will er nur wenig von diesem Land verstehen, das durch sein rasantes Wirtschaftswachstum die Welt in Erstaunen versetzte. Dabei soll ihm der vorliegende Reiseführer helfen. Ausführliche Kapitel zu Geschichte und Kultur, 10 Stadtbeschreibungen und 11 Reiserouten erschließen den Inselstaat.

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Donnerstag, 11 April 2019 14:50

YAMAMOTO, S. (1967)

Breeding Japanese serows Capricornis crispus in captivity.

International Zoo Yearbook 7: 174-175.

Inhalt:

Es wird ei n Überblick über die 1966 in Japan gehaltenen Seraue gegeben. Der Kobe Oji-Zoo erhielt 1964 ein Paar. Am 25. August 1965 kam es zur ersten Geburt, im Juli 1966 zur zweiten.

yamamoto-biblio

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Dienstag, 25 April 2017 11:37

YASUKAWA, Y., YABE, T. & OTA, H. (2008)

Mauremys japonica (Temminck and Schlegel 1835) – Japanese pond turtle.

In: Rhodin, A.G.J., Pritchard, P.C.H., van Dijk, P.P., Saumure, R.A., Buhlmann, K.A., and Iverson, J.B. (Eds.). Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises: A Compilation Project of the IUCN/SSC Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group. Chelonian Research Monographs No. 5, pp. 003.1-003.6, doi:10.3854/crm.5.003.japonica.v1.2008, http://www.iucn-tftsg.org/cbftt.
Nishihara-cho, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan [ota@sci.u-ryukyu.ac.jp]

Summary:

The Japanese pond turtle, Mauremys japonica (Family Geoemydidae), is endemic to Japan and is distributed in Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, and adjacent small islands. The turtle is found in various freshwater habitats such as swamps, marshes, irrigated rice paddies, ponds, lakes, and rivers. Many of these habitats have been the objects of recent rapid land developments, or under the constant influences of human activities, obviously involving population declines of this species. The overexploitaion by pet dealers and the prevalence of artificially introduced species with similar ecological requirements could be reducing the numbers of this turtle as well. Thus, although the turtle seems still to be relatively abundant in most districts, preservation of its habitats, as well as regulations for the handling of this species and the control of invasive turtles (especially of the red-eared slider Trachemys scripta elegans) should be considered urgently for the conservation of this species. Accumulation of field data for various ecological aspects of the Japanese pond turtle is also strongly desired in order to formulate effective conservation actions.

Distribution. – Japan. Restricted to Honshu, Kyoshu, and Shikoku.

Synonymy. – Emys vulgaris japonica Temminck and Schlegel 1835, Emys japonica, Emys caspica japonica, Clemmys japonica, Mauremys japonica, Ocadia japonica .

Subspecies. – None.

Status

. – IUCN 2007 Red List: Near Threatened (LR/nt) (assessed 2000) ; CITES: Not Listed.

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