Ordnung: Papageienvögel (Psittaciformes)
Familie: Echte Papageien (Psittacidae)
Unterfamilie: Eigentliche Papageien (Psittacinae)
Tribus: Neuweltpapageien (Arini)

Grünflügelara, Dunkelroter Ara

Ara chloropterus (A. chloroptera) • The Red-and-green Macaw • L'ara à ailes vertes

• Körperbau und Körperfunktionen
• Verbreitung
• Lebensraum und Lebensweise
• Gefährdung und Schutz
• Bedeutung für den Menschen
• Haltung
• Taxonomie und Nomenklatur
• Literatur und Internetquellen

Literatur und Internetquellen

1. BIRDLIFE INTERNATIONAL (2016). Ara chloropterus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22685566A93080287. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22685566A93080287.en . Downloaded on 04 August 2019.
2. CITES IDENTIFICATION MANUAL
3. CITES TRADE DATA BASE
4. DEL HOYO, J., ELLIOTT, A. et al. (eds., 1992-2013)
5. DEL HOYO, J., COLLAR, N., CHRISTIE, D.A., ELLIOTT, A. & FISHPOOL L.D.C. (2014)
6. GRUMMT, W. & STREHLOW, H. (2009)
7. LANTERMANN, W. (1984)
8. LEPPERHOFF, R. (2004)
9. YOUNG, A. M., HOBSON, E. A., BINGAMAN LACKEY, L. & WRIGHT, T. F. (2012)

 Zurück zu Übersicht Papageienvögel
Weiter zu Blaulatzara (Ara glaucogularis)

Rabbits, Hares and Pikas : Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan. 

168 Seiten, zahlreiche s/w-Fotos und Landkarten.
IUCN, Gland.ISBN 2-8317-0019-1.

Aus dem Vorwort:

The   Lagomorph   Specialist   Group   reviewed   for   the   first time  the  status  of  the  worlds’  lagomorphs,  critically  examined those  species  which  appeared  to  require  attention,  and  listed important  decisions  for  future  conservation  action  concerning the volcano rabbit Romerolagus  diazi (Mexico), riverine rabbit Bunolagus monticularis (South  Africa),  hispid  hare  Caprolagus hispidus (India and Nepal), Sumatran rabbit Nesolagus netscheri   (Indonesia)  and  Amami  rabbit Pentalagus furnessi (Japan).

Emphasis  was  placed  on  the  need  for  a  comprehensive    review  of  hares  and  for  the  development  of  programs  for monitoring   lagomorphs   and   their   habitat   wherever   required. The  need  to  bring  these  matters  to  the  attention  of  Governments  was  given  high  priority.  Project  proposals  resulting  from these  deliberations  were  submitted  to  the  Commission  for inclusion  in  the  IUCN  Conservation  Programme  for  Sustainable   Development.

The Lagomorph Group, building on its good start, soon assumed responsibility for providing the information necessary for preparing and updating lagomorph entries in the Red Data Book and for submissions to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). It holds a strong position against the introduction of the eastern cottontail to Europe, and has willingly participated in discussions on the subject when requested.

The Group also continues to take the lead in keeping lagomorphs on conference agenda at international meetings, and has widened its in recent years to look at the status of some of the lesser known races or subspecies of the more common lagomorphs. Lagomorphs are relatively small mammals and do not excite the curiosity and appeal of some of their larger kind.

There has thus never been much financial support for conservation. But they are of critical importance in world ecosystems and I applaud the action taken by the Species Survival Commission in setting up this Group when it did. I am particularly pleased that IUCN has agreed to fund this publication of the Lagomorph Specialist Group Action Plan. The achievement of main objectives depends to a large extent on the continued activities of small teams of dedicated people like those who constitute this Group; the publication will give them an opportunity to say what they are trying to do.

Ein Versuch zur Wiederansiedlung der Moorente Aythya nyroca am Steinhuder Meer, Niedersachsen – erste Ergebnisse.

Vogelkdl. Ber. Niedersachs. 45: 37-52.

Zusammenfassung:

In 2012 startete der NABU Niedersachsen auf Initiative des Landes Niedersachsen nach umfangreichen Absprachen, Vorüberlegungen und -untersuchungen am Steinhuder Meer einen Versuch zur Wiederansiedlung der in Deutschland vom Aussterben bedrohten Moorente Aythya nyroca. Der letzte Brutnachweis der Moorente vom Steinhuder Meer stammt aus dem Jahr 1980. Seitdem waren durch Renaturierungsmaßnahmen und Neuanlagen zahlreiche neue, als Lebensraum für die Art geeignet erscheinende Gewässer entstanden. Die erste Phase des Ansiedlungsversuches wird beschrieben. Von 2012 bis Ende Juni 2015 wurden 237 Moorenten (121 Männchen, 112 Weibchen, 4 unbekannten Geschlechts) mit unterschiedlichen Methoden in Freiheit entlassen. Die Freilassungen führten ab 2013 zu einer dauerhaften Anwesenheit (auch im Winter) von mindestens 20, z. T. Paar bildenden Moorenten an Gewässern fünf unterschiedlich definierter Typen. Anhand von individuellen Ringmarkierungen konnten im geringen Umfang Abwanderungsbewegungen nachgewiesen werden. Beobachtungen zeigten eine erhebliche Variabilität in der Nahrungswahl, die nicht nur aus Pflanzen, sondern vor allem im Winter auch aus Fischen und im Frühling und Sommer aus Insekten bestand. Mitte Juni 2015 gelangen die ersten Brutnachweise auf einem Hochmoorgewässer, auf dem drei Weibchen zehn, sechs und zwei Jungvögel führten. Die bislang vorliegenden Ergebnisse werden diskutiert. Argumente, die für oder gegen das entsprechend der IUCN-Kriterien zur Wiederansiedlung ausgestorbener Tierarten durchgeführte Projekt sprechen, werden, so objektiv wie es den Verfassen möglich ist, aufgeführt und sollten die Grundlage für eine fachlich fundierte Meinungsbildung und sachliche Auseinandersetzung sein. Ob der Versuch zur Wiederansiedlung der Moorente in Niedersachsen gelingen kann, ist derzeit offen.

melles-biblio

06.12.2016 -69

Schutz der Rothschildgiraffe im Kidepo Nationalpark

Zoo und Zoostiftung Berlin

Rothschildgiraffen im Kidepo Nationalpark © Care for KaramojaDie bedrohte Rothschildgiraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis rothschildi) ist natürlicherweise weltweit nur noch in zwei Verbreitungsgebieten zu finden: Im Murchison Falls Nationalpark sowie im Kidepo Valley Nationalpark (beide Uganda). Während die mit etwa 1.000 Tieren deutlich größere Population im Murchison Falls Nationalpark teils von einer bislang nicht genauer untersuchten Hautkrankheit befallen ist, ist die Population im Kidepo Nationalpark unbelastet und daher von besonderer Wichtigkeit. Das Projekt „Care for Karamoja“, das vom Zoo Santa Barbara (USA) ins Leben gerufen wurde, hat es sich zur Aufgabe gemacht, diese sehr kleine Population von ca. 54 Tieren zu schützen.

Da der Kidepo-Nationalpark im Norden an den politisch extrem instabilen und von Armut gekennzeichneten Südsudan grenzt ist der Hauptbedrohungsfaktor für diese kleine Population die illegale Jagd für die Gewinnung von Fleisch und Fellen. Außerhalb des Parks gibt es wegen der dichten Besiedlung und intensiven Landnutzung keine Giraffen - und kaum anderes Großwild - mehr. Daher wurde mit der Uganda Wildlife Authority sowie dem Uganda Wildlife Education Centre (UWEC) ein Schutzprogramm erarbeitet. Dies beinhaltet in erster Linie die Unterstützung der Ranger im Kidepo NP, die dringend mit professionellem Equipment ausgestattet werden müssen. Weiterhin soll die lokale Bevölkerung langfristig für den Artenschutz sensibilisiert werden, indem u.a. lokalen Schulklassen der Besuch des Nationalparks ermöglicht wird. Der Zoo Berlin hält Rothschildgiraffen und unterstützt als größter europäischer Partner dieses Schutzprojekt, zu dem auch Zoos in den USA beitragen.

Literatur und Internetquellen:

• http://www.care4karamoja.org
• Pressemitteilung Zoo Berlin

Tierart-Datenblatt: Giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis)

Lebensraum: Ostafrikanische Savanne

Zurück zu Übersicht Paarzeher

Zurück zu Giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis)

Weiter zu Gabelbock (Antilocapra americana)

Schutz der Ringelnatter im Ruhrgebiet

Zoo Duisburg

Literatur und Internetquellen

• NATURSCHUTZ RUHR (11.06.2018)
• SCHLÜPMANN, M. (2018)
• TEXT ACHIM WINKLER (28.11.2916)

Zurück zu Übersicht Schlangen

Weiter zu Würfelnatter (Natrix tessellata)

Kinosternon scorpioides (Linnaeus 1766) – Scorpion Mud Turtle.

In: Rhodin, A.G.J., Pritchard, P.C.H., van Dijk, P.P., Saumure, R.A., Buhlmann, K.A., Iverson, J.B., and Mittermeier, R.A. (Eds.). Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises: A Compilation Project of the IUCN/SSC Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group. Chelonian Research Monographs No. 5, pp. 063.1–063.15, doi:10.3854/crm.5.063.scorpioides.v1.2011, http://www.iucn-tftsg.org/cbftt/.

Summary:

Kinosternon scorpioides, the Scorpion Mud Turtle (Family Kinosternidae), is a medium to large-sized mud turtle, with adult males in some populations regularly exceeding 200 mm in carapace length. The species occurs from the Mexican state of Tamaulipas in Gulf of Mexico drainages, southward throughout the Isthmus of Tehuantepec and the Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico, and throughout most of Central and South America in both Atlantic and Pacific drainages at least to the upper Río Paraná in northern Argentina. Four subspecies are currently recognized, which vary in morphology: K. s. scorpioides, K. s. abaxillare, K. s. albogulare, and K. s. cruentatum. Maximum size in various populations ranges from 150 to over 200 mm carapace length. Mature females lay up to five clutches of 1–8 eggs during an extended annual reproductive season. The species is exploited in parts of its range for tourist trinkets, pet trade, medicine, and food, but the greatest threats to its survival are from habitat degradation and alteration. Conservation measures should include expanded studies of the status of the species throughout its range, as well as detailed studies of its life history, habitat utilization, diseases, and the effects of habitat modification on individuals and populations across its range.

The  Conservation  Biology of Tortoises.

Occasional Papers  of the  IUCN  Species  Survival Commission  (SSC) No. 5. 204 Seiten.
Published by IUCN,  Gland,  Switzerland. ISBN  2-88032-986-8.

Aus der Einleitung:

This contribution to the Occasional Papers of the IUCN Species Survival Commission  (SSC)  on  the  status  and distribution  of the  Testudinidae,  or  terrestrial  tortoises,  is  the  result  of  five years of work by members of the IUCN/SSC Tortoise Specialist Group  (which  has  since become the  Tortoise  and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group) and is published on the occasion of the First World Congress of Herpetology at the University of Kent, September  1989.   This  work  was  stimulated  by  our  lack  of knowledge  regarding  the  forty  species  of tortoises  which  became apparent at our inaugural meeting at  Oxford  in  October 1981  and our inability to answer many  of the basic  questions relating  to their conservation. It was  executed under the  title "Operation  Tortoise."

We  have  provided  the  latest  information  on  each  species, including the Latin name, common names, description, taxonomy, geographic variation, status and distribution, habitat and ecology  (particularly  behaviour,  reproduction,  and  feeding), threats  to  survival,  conservation  reserves  and  recommendations,  and current research.   We have also provided the most complete bibliography on  the Testudinidae ever published.

In drawing up this report we have been concerned that the information is as up-to-date as possible, but we expect, indeed hope, that it will be redundant in a few years as more and more people work on these fascinating animals.  We have also been conscious of the needs of the local people and their interests, a vital  part  of  any  successful  conservation  programme  as  so clearly  demonstrated  by  the  Group's  successful  Project  Angonoka/Kapidolo in Madagascar, and the SOPTOM project in southern  France.    The  SSC  Tortoise  and  Freshwater  Turtle Group Action Plan, also published at the Kent Congress, goes even  further in  an  attempt to integrate  scientific  and practical conservation.

Manouria emys (Schlegel and Müller 1840) – Asian Giant Tortoise, Giant Asian Forest Tortoise.

In: Rhodin, A.G.J., Pritchard, P.C.H., van Dijk, P.P., Saumure, R.A., Buhlmann, K.A., Iverson, J.B., and Mittermeier, R.A. (Eds.). Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises: A Compilation Project of the IUCN/SSC Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group. Chelonian Research Monographs (ISSN 1088-7105) No. 5, doi:10.3854/crm.5.086.emys.v1.2015, http://www.iucn-tftsg.org/cbftt/.

Summary:

The Giant Asian Forest Tortoise, Manouria emys (Family Testudinidae), is the largest tortoise species in mainland Asia, with a straight carapace length (CL) of up to at least 600 mm, and mass up to 37 kg. Two subspecies, M. e. emys and M. e. phayrei, are distinguished by geographic distribution, coloration, plastral scute pattern, and maximum size. Manouria is considered to be among the most primitive of living tortoise genera. The species occurs in hilly wet forest; its diet includes green vegetation, mushrooms, bamboo shoots, and fallen fruits. Unlike most tortoises, which tend to prefer relatively arid habitats, M. emys prefers a mesic habitat and is often found in and around cool flowing streams, sitting for days in water or mud, or foraging in such habitats. Although the species is active all year round, some individuals exhibit an inactive period of up to two months in the cool dry season. The species exhibits unusual nesting activity; females build mound nests of forest floor debris, deposit large annual clutches of up to 60 eggs, and guard the nest for the early portion of incubation. Despite their size, the behavioral ecology of M. emys has been little studied. The species has apparently been extirpated in the westernmost portion of its range and is highly threatened everywhere else. Healthy populations are known to occur in a few protected areas in Thailand and Indonesia, but most remaining habitat is being rapidly degraded and destroyed, and the species continues to be collected for food and smuggled into the pet trade.

Terrapene carolina (Linnaeus 1758) – Eastern Box Turtle, Common Box Turtle.

In: Rhodin, A.G.J., Pritchard, P.C.H., van Dijk, P.P., Saumure, R.A., Buhlmann, K.A., Iverson, J.B., and Mittermeier, R.A. (Eds.). Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises: A Compilation Project of the IUCN/SSC Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group. Chelonian Research Monographs 5(8):085.1–25, doi:10.3854/crm.5.085.carolina.v1.2015, http://www.iucn-tftsg.org/cbftt/.

Summary:

The Eastern Box Turtle, Terrapene carolina (Family Emydidae), as currently understood, contains six living subspecies of small turtles (carapace lengths to ca. 115–235 mm) able to close their hinged plastrons into a tightly closed box. Although the nominate subspecies is among the most widely distributed and well-known of the world’s turtles, the two Mexican subspecies are poorly known. This primarily terrestrial, though occasionally semi-terrestrial, species ranges throughout the eastern and southern United States and disjunctly in Mexico. It was generally recognized as common in the USA throughout the 20th century, but is now threatened by continuing habitat conversion, road mortality, and collection for the pet trade, and notable population declines have been documented throughout its range. In the United States, this turtle is a paradigm example of the conservation threats that beset and impact a historically common North American species. In Mexico, the greatest need for the subspecies that occur there is to further assess their distribution, habitat requirements, economic status, and conservation threats.

17.08.2016

Graptemys flavimaculata Cagle 1954 – Yellow-Blotched Sawback, Yellow-Blotched Map Turtle.

In: Rhodin, A.G.J., Pritchard, P.C.H., van Dijk, P.P., Saumure, R.A., Buhlmann, K.A., Iverson, J.B., and Mittermeier, R.A. (Eds.). Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises: A Compilation Project of the IUCN/SSC Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group. Chelonian Research Monographs No. 5, pp. 052.1–052.11, doi:10.3854/crm.5.052.flavimaculata.v1.2011, http://www.iucn-tftsg.org/cbftt/.

Summary:

The Yellow-blotched Sawback, Graptemys flavimaculata (Family Emydidae), is a small to medium-sized riverine species endemic to the Pascagoula River drainage of southeast Mississippi, USA. Sexual dimorphism is pronounced, with adult females attaining more than twice the length and ten times the mass of adult males. Although the species is locally abundant, populations are threatened by habitat destruction, collection for the pet trade, invasive species, water quality degradataion, and other human impacts. Previously listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List, the species has recently been downlisted to Vulnerable due to improved population estimates, newly discovered localities, and improved water qualities leading to some recovered populations. It remains Threatened because of its small range, large number of potential threats, and moderately severe declines in the largest population.